Classical Marxism

The core concepts of classical Marxism include alienation, base and superstructure, class consciousness, class struggle, exploitation, historical materialism, ideology, revolution; and the forces, means, modes, and relations of production.

Engels contributed in questions of nationality, military affairs, the sciences, and industrial operations, and is generally credited with shaping two of the major philosophical components of Marxism: Historical materialism and dialectical materialism.

As a Marxist, she did not believe in a God whose ultimate will it is for all people to enjoy social and economic justice, yet her courage and her commitment can inspire and encourage others who share her vision of human unity.

In 1904-1906, he published three volumes of the philosophical treatise Empiriomonism, in which he tried to merge Marxism with the philosophy of Ernst Mach, Wilhelm Ostwald, and Richard Avenarius.

He was a Marxist socialist and a person of great intelligence, humor, and vitality.

He became a significant figure in Marxist history as the editor of the fourth volume of Karl Marx 's economic critique of capitalism, Das Kapital, and was the leading promulgator of Orthodox Marxism after the death of Friedrich Engels.

Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg The Frankfurt School, The Praxis School, Lucien Goldmann Georg Lukács (April 13, 1885, June 4, 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic.

Though he had not been a member of the communist party, he had been deeply schooled in Marxism by the dissident communist Karl Korsch, and his communist allegiances were sincere.

September 27,] 1888, March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, Marxist philosopher and economist and prolific author on revolutionary theory.

His ideas can be characterized as Marxist in nature.

Erik Olin Wright (February 9, 1947, January 23, 2019) was an American analytical Marxist sociologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, specializing in social stratification and in egalitarian alternative futures to capitalism.

Michael Burawoy (; 15 June 1947-3 February 2025) was an American sociologist who worked within Marxist social theory, best known as the leading proponent of public sociology and the author of Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism-a study on the sociology of industry that has been translated into a number of languages.

He is known for his field work among the Baruya in Papua New Guinea from the 1960s to the 1980s, and became one of the earliest advocates of Marxism's incorporation into anthropology.

He is famous for his fieldwork on the shift of agriculturalists in Madagascar, Japan and other parts of the world, and has also contributed important neo-Marxian work on power, history, kinship, and ritual.

Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American Marxist feminist political activist, philosopher, academic, and author.

Her standpoint theory derived from Marxism, which claims that the proletariat has a distinctive perspective on social relations and that only this perspective reveals the truth.

29 November] 1856-30 May 1918) was a Russian Marxist theorist, philosopher, and revolutionary.

ɾa]; June 14, 1894, April 16, 1930), sometimes referred to in Peru as El Amauta (from Quechua: hamawt'a, "teacher"), was a Peruvian politician, and Marxist writer.

Ernst Simon Bloch (; German: [ɛʁnst ˈblɔx]; 8 July 1885-4 August 1977) was a German Marxist philosopher.

He has been described as "one of the best known academic Marxists of his generation", in this manner being compared with E.

Guy-Ernest Debord ( də-BOR; French: [gi dəbɔʁ]; 28 December 1931-30 November 1994) was a French Marxist theorist, philosopher, filmmaker, critic of work, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International.

Fredric Ruff Jameson (April 14, 1934, September 22, 2024) was an American literary critic, philosopher and Marxist political theorist.

David William Harvey (born 31 October 1935) is a British-American academic best known for Marxist analyses that focus on urban geography as well as the economy more broadly.

ɡa]; 13 June 1889-23 July 1970) was an Italian Marxist theorist, revolutionary socialist, and politician.

Jyoti Basu (born Jyotirindra Basu or Jyoti Bose; 8 July 1914-17 January 2010) was an Indian Marxist theorist, communist activist, and politician.

Bebel became a central figure in the German socialist movement, opposing the nationalist and state-oriented socialism of Ferdinand Lassalle in favor of a more orthodox Marxist, internationalist position.

Alexander Israel Helphand (born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand, Russian: Израиль Лазаревич Гельфанд; 27 August 1867-12 December 1924), better known as Alexander Parvus, was a Russian-born Marxist theorist, journalist, and activist who became a prominent figure in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Rudolf Hilferding (German: [ˈhɪlfɐdɪŋ]; 10 August 1877-11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, socialist theorist, politician and the chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic, being almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of the twentieth century.

Ernest Ezra Mandel (Dutch: [ˈɛrnəst mɑnˈdɛl]; 5 April 1923-20 July 1995), also known by various pseudonyms such as Ernest Germain, Pierre Gousset, Henri Vallin, Walter, was a Belgian Marxian economist, Trotskyist activist and theorist, and Holocaust survivor.

Cohen was a proponent of analytical Marxism and a founding member of the September Group.

21 June] 1881-17 December 1917) was a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement.

Marshall Howard Berman (November 24, 1940, September 11, 2013) was an American philosopher and Marxist humanist writer.

Konar, was an Indian Marxist revolutionary, agricultural theorist, peasant leader, and politician who was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and was the chief architect of India's first and largest agrarian reform in West Bengal.

He was one of the creators of the Third Camp tradition, a form of Marxist socialism emancipated from State apparatus.

Paul Alexander Baran (; 30 August 1909-26 March 1964) was an American Marxian economist.

Michael Löwy (born 6 May 1938) is a French-Brazilian Marxist sociologist and philosopher.

Boris Yulyevich Kagarlitsky (Russian: Бори́с Ю́льевич Кагарли́цкий; born 29 August 1958) is a Russian Marxist theoretician and sociologist who has been a political dissident in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

a liˈneɾa]; born 19 October 1962) is a Bolivian politician, sociologist, Marxist theoretician, and former guerrilla who served as the 38th vice president of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019.

Antonio Labriola (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo labriˈɔːla]; 2 July 1843-12 February 1904) was an Italian Marxist theoretician and philosopher.

A professor at the EHESS in Paris, he was a Marxist theorist.

Michel Clouscard (French: [kluskaʁ]; August 6, 1928, February 21, 2009) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist.

William Paul Cockshott (born 16 March 1952) is a Scottish academic in the fields of computer science and Marxist economics.

Antonie "Anton" Pannekoek (Dutch: [ˈɑntɔn ˈpɑnəkuk]; 2 January 1873-28 April 1960) was a Dutch astronomer, historian, philosopher, Marxist theorist, and socialist revolutionary.

Daniel De Leon (; December 14, 1852, May 11, 1914), alternatively spelled Daniel de León, was a Curaçao-born American socialist newspaper editor, politician, Marxist theoretician, and trade union organizer.

Karl Korsch (German: [ˈkaʁl ˈkɔʁʃ]; August 15, 1886, October 21, 1961) was a German Marxist theoretician and political philosopher.

Paul Mattick (German: [ˈmatɪk]; March 13, 1904, February 7, 1981) was a German-American Marxist political writer, activist, and theorist, associated with the council communist movement.

He writes about political economy of capitalism and economic crisis, ecology and ecological crisis, and Marxist theory.

Franco "Bifo" Berardi (born 2 November 1949) is an Italian Marxist philosopher, theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism.

Alexander Theodore Callinicos (born 24 July 1950) is a British Marxist political theorist and activist, born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia.

Richard Levins (June 1, 1930, January 19, 2016) was a Marxist biologist, population geneticist, biomathematician, mathematical ecologist, zoologist and philosopher of science who researched diversity in human populations.

Charles Bettelheim (20 November 1913-20 July 2006) was a French Marxian economist and historian, founder of the Center for the Study of Modes of Industrialization (CEMI: Centre pour l'étude des modes d'industrialisation) at the EHESS, economic advisor to the governments of several developing countries during the period of decolonization.

Karel Kosík (Czech: [ˈkosiːk]; 26 June 1926-21 February 2003) was a Czech Marxist philosopher.

Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea (born Solomon Katz; 21 May 1855-7 May 1920) was a Romanian Marxist theorist, politician, sociologist, literary critic, and journalist.

A Marxist theorist, Jazani was one of the founders of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas.

Joshua Moufawad-Paul is a Marxist academic and writer from Toronto, Canada.

George Novack (August 5, 1905, Boston, Massachusetts, July 30, 1992, New York City) was an American Marxist theoretician, editor, and activist.

Galvano Della Volpe (24 September 1895-13 July 1968) was an Italian professor of philosophy and Marxist theorist.

Gajo Petrović (Serbian: Гајо Петровић; 12 March 1927-13 June 1993) was one of the main theorists in the Marxist humanist Praxis School in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

(born 21 January 1944) is an American scholar, Marxist theoretician, and professor emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin.

Hans Heinz Holz (26 February 1927-11 December 2011) was a German Marxist philosopher.

He was known for works and lectures focused on sociology and Marxism.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lifshitz (Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Ли́фшиц; 23 July 1905 in Melitopol (Taurida Governorate, now Zaporizhzhia Oblast of Ukraine), 20 September 1983 in Moscow) was a Soviet Marxian literary critic and philosopher of art who had a long and controversial career in the former Soviet Union.

Lebowitz (November 27, 1937, April 19, 2023) was a Marxist economist and professor emeritus of Economics at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada.

He was a leading Marxist intellectual and theorist in the First Austrian Republic.

Danko Grlić (18 September 1923-1 March 1984) was a Marxist humanist, and a member of the Praxis school of SFR Yugoslavia.

was a revolutionary activist, a prolific writer and Marxism 's key ideologue.

was a Marxist leader who served as the key architect of the October Revolution, and the first leader of the Soviet Russia.

was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist

In his reception of Karl Marx, influenced by Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky

was a Polish Marxist anthropologist, economist, and sociologist

Heinrich Cunow (11 April 1862, in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 20 August 1936) was a German Social Democratic Party politician and prominent Marxist theorist.

In 1882/1883, works by Ferdinand Lasalle and the first volume of Karl Marx's Capital (Russian translation) convinced him to become a socialist.

was a Polish-German Marxist economist, historian, and political activist.