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Institutions and Social Structures

Republic

Political and Legal Institutions

A republic is a form of government in which the state is considered a public matter, res publica, rather than the private concern or property of its rulers, with supreme political authority held, at least formally, by the people or their elected representatives rather than by a hereditary monarch, and with a head of state who holds office other than through heredity, typically through election or appointment for a defined term. The concept and the term originate in ancient Rome, where the Roman Republic, established according to tradition in 509 BC following the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, distributed political power among elected magistrates, including two annually elected consuls, and deliberative bodies including the Senate and various popular assemblies, a system that endured for nearly five centuries before giving way to the imperial Principate. Republican government was revived as a major political model during the Renaissance in Italian city-states including Venice, Florence and Genoa, and again during the Enlightenment, influencing the founding of the modern United States as a republic in the 1770s and 1780s and the French Republic established following the 1789 French Revolution, after which republicanism spread widely as a dominant global form of state organization through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Republics today take various institutional forms, including presidential republics, in which the head of state and head of government are combined in a single directly or indirectly elected president, and parliamentary republics, in which a largely ceremonial president coexists with a head of government drawn from and accountable to an elected legislature, and the term is used in ordinary political usage in explicit contrast to monarchy.

Facts
Institution Type
Political Regime 1
Emergence Era
Ancient 1
Scale
National 1
Connections

Associated With

City-State, Institutions and Social Structures

Many of history's most documented city-states, from classical Athens to Renaissance Venice and Florence, organized themselves as republics, governed by elected or selected civic bodies rather than a hereditary monarch.

Parliament, Institutions and Social Structures

Parliamentary government developed as a foundational institution of the modern republic, providing an elected body through which the represented public exercises legislative authority.

Seymour Martin Lipset, Social Theorists

Lipset modernization thesis argued that stable republican and democratic government becomes more likely as a society economic development rises.

In the Other Atlases

Government Type Of

North Macedonia

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Novgorod Republic

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Pakistan

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Palau

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Panama

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Paraguay

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Peru

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Philippines

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Poland

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Portugal

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Providence Plantations

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Amalfi

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Florence

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Genoa

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Pisa

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Pskov

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Ragusa

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Siena

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of the Congo

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Republic of Venice

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Romania

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Samoa

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

San Marino

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Sao Tome and Principe

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Senegal

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Serbia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Seychelles

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Sierra Leone

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Singapore

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Slovakia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Slovenia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Somalia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

South Africa

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

South Korea

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

South Sudan

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Sri Lanka

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

State of Palestine

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Sudan

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Suriname

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Syria

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Tajikistan

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Tanzania

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

The Dutch Republic

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

The Gambia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

The Roman Republic

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Togo

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Trinidad and Tobago

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Tunisia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Turkey

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Uganda

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Showing 101 to 150 of 161 in Government Type Of, page 3 of 4.

Originated In

Italy

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Source Republic (Wikipedia)Article text
Quote, Article text
The term developed its meaning in reference to the constitution of the ancient Roman Republic after the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC.
Sources
1. Republic (Wikipedia)
  • English Wikipedia, intro text
    The term developed its meaning in reference to the constitution of the ancient Roman Republic after the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC.
  • English Wikipedia, intro text, scale (2)
    A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public thing' or 'people's thing'), is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives-in contrast to an absolute monarchy or a direct democracy.
  • Lead, institution-type-category political-regime
    A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public thing' or 'people's thing'), is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives-in contrast to an absolute monarchy or a direct democracy.
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