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Institutions and Social Structures

Republic

Political and Legal Institutions

A republic is a form of government in which the state is considered a public matter, res publica, rather than the private concern or property of its rulers, with supreme political authority held, at least formally, by the people or their elected representatives rather than by a hereditary monarch, and with a head of state who holds office other than through heredity, typically through election or appointment for a defined term. The concept and the term originate in ancient Rome, where the Roman Republic, established according to tradition in 509 BC following the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, distributed political power among elected magistrates, including two annually elected consuls, and deliberative bodies including the Senate and various popular assemblies, a system that endured for nearly five centuries before giving way to the imperial Principate. Republican government was revived as a major political model during the Renaissance in Italian city-states including Venice, Florence and Genoa, and again during the Enlightenment, influencing the founding of the modern United States as a republic in the 1770s and 1780s and the French Republic established following the 1789 French Revolution, after which republicanism spread widely as a dominant global form of state organization through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Republics today take various institutional forms, including presidential republics, in which the head of state and head of government are combined in a single directly or indirectly elected president, and parliamentary republics, in which a largely ceremonial president coexists with a head of government drawn from and accountable to an elected legislature, and the term is used in ordinary political usage in explicit contrast to monarchy.

Facts
Institution Type
Political Regime 1
Emergence Era
Ancient 1
Scale
National 1
Connections

Associated With

City-State, Institutions and Social Structures

Many of history's most documented city-states, from classical Athens to Renaissance Venice and Florence, organized themselves as republics, governed by elected or selected civic bodies rather than a hereditary monarch.

Parliament, Institutions and Social Structures

Parliamentary government developed as a foundational institution of the modern republic, providing an elected body through which the represented public exercises legislative authority.

Seymour Martin Lipset, Social Theorists

Lipset modernization thesis argued that stable republican and democratic government becomes more likely as a society economic development rises.

In the Other Atlases

Government Type Of

Georgia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Germany

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Ghana

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Greece

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Guatemala

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Guinea

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Guinea-Bissau

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Guyana

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Haiti

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Honduras

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Hungary

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Iceland

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

India

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Indonesia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Iran

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Iraq

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Ireland

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Israel

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Italy

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Ivory Coast

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Kazakhstan

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Kenya

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Kiribati

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Kyrgyzstan

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Laos

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Latvia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Lebanon

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Liberia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Libya

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Lithuania

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Madagascar

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Malawi

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Maldives

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mali

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Malta

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Marshall Islands

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mauritania

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mauritius

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mexico

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Moldova

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mongolia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Montenegro

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Mozambique

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Myanmar

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Namibia

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Nauru

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Nepal

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Nicaragua

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Niger

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Nigeria

Also in History Atlas: a government of this type.

Showing 51 to 100 of 161 in Government Type Of, page 2 of 4.

Originated In

Italy

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Source Republic (Wikipedia)Article text
Quote, Article text
The term developed its meaning in reference to the constitution of the ancient Roman Republic after the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC.
Sources
1. Republic (Wikipedia)
  • English Wikipedia, intro text
    The term developed its meaning in reference to the constitution of the ancient Roman Republic after the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC.
  • English Wikipedia, intro text, scale (2)
    A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public thing' or 'people's thing'), is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives-in contrast to an absolute monarchy or a direct democracy.
  • Lead, institution-type-category political-regime
    A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public thing' or 'people's thing'), is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives-in contrast to an absolute monarchy or a direct democracy.
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