Socialism is an economic ideology and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership; it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with implementing such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including public, community, collective, cooperative or employee ownership, and as one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum socialism is the standard left-wing ideology in most countries, with its own types varying by the role of markets and planning in resource allocation and by the structure of management in organizations.
Facts
Institution Type Emergence Era Socialism
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Studied By
Source Axel Honneth (Wikipedia)
Source Ernest Gellner (Wikipedia)
Source G. A. Cohen (Wikipedia)
Source Hal Draper (Wikipedia)
Source István Mészáros (Wikipedia)
Source Paul Cockshott (Wikipedia)
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Source New World Encyclopedia: SocialismArticle textQuote, Article text
Socialism developed as a political ideology in the nineteenth century as a reaction to industrial injustice, labor exploitation, and unemployment in Europe.
Sources
1. Socialism (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Socialism is an economic ideology and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
English Wikipedia, intro text
The socialist political movement includes political philosophies that originated in the revolutionary movements of the mid-to-late 18th century and out of concern for the social problems that socialists associated with capitalism.
Lead, institution-type-category economic-institution
Socialism is an economic ideology and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
View the Source Axel Honneth (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationStudied By: Axel Honneth, Article textQuote, Studied By: Axel Honneth, Article text
In The Idea of Socialism, Honneth calls for a revision of socialist theory in order to make it relevant for the 21st century, based on a criticism of the socialist theory of historical materialism, ignorance of political rights and social differentiation in modern societies, and overemphasis on the working class as a revolutionary subject.
Hal Draper (Wikipedia)
Studied By: Hal Draper, Article textQuote, Studied By: Hal Draper, Article text
He is known for his extensive scholarship on the history and meaning of the thought of Karl Marx and Marxian socialism.
G. A. Cohen (Wikipedia)
Studied By: G. A. Cohen, Article textQuote, Studied By: G. A. Cohen, Article text
In History, Labour, and Freedom and Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality, Cohen offers an extensive moral argument in favour of socialism, contrasting his views with those of John Rawls and Robert Nozick by articulating an extensive critique of the Lockean principle of self-ownership as well as the use of that principle to defend right as well as left-libertarianism.
Paul Cockshott (Wikipedia)
Studied By: Paul Cockshott, Article textQuote, Studied By: Paul Cockshott, Article text
He proposes a moneyless socialist economy, akin to Karl Marx's description of a socialist society in Critique of the Gotha Programme, realized by today's computer technology:
István Mészáros (Wikipedia)
Studied By: István Mészáros, LeadQuote, Studied By: István Mészáros, Lead
Described as "one of the foremost political philosophers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries" by Monthly Review, Mészáros wrote mainly about the possibility of a transition from capitalism to socialism.
Ernest Gellner (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationStudied By: Ernest Gellner, Article bodyQuote, Studied By: Ernest Gellner, Article body
His Plough, Sword and Book (1988) investigated the philosophy of history, and Conditions of Liberty (1994) sought to explain the collapse of socialism with an analogy he called "modular man".
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