A sultanate is the state and territory ruled by a sultan, as well as the sultan's own office. Sultan is a title with several historical meanings, originally an Arabic abstract noun meaning strength, authority or rulership. The title later came to denote a ruler who claimed nearly full sovereignty without claiming the overall caliphate, or a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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Sultanates and caliphates are related but distinct Islamic political institutions; many historical sultans ruled with nominal religious deference to a caliph while holding real temporal power themselves.
Sultanate is a specific historical form of monarchical rule under a sultan, used across many historical Muslim polities from the medieval Seljuk period onward.
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Source Sultan (Wikipedia)Article texttier 2Quote, Article text
The first major figure to clearly grant himself this title was the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud (r. 998–1030 CE) who controlled an empire over present-day Afghanistan and the surrounding region.
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1. Sultan (Wikipedia)
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the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate
English Wikipedia, intro text
The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate (سلطنة salṭanah).
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