Bilateral, or cognatic, descent is a kinship system in which an individual traces relatedness through both the mother's and the father's lines equally, rather than privileging one parental line as unilineal systems do. Relatives on both sides of the family carry roughly equal weight for emotional ties, social obligation, and often the transfer of property, and because both sides are recognized simultaneously, bilateral descent generally does not produce the sharply bounded, corporate descent groups (clans or lineages) characteristic of strictly patrilineal or matrilineal systems. It is the standard kinship pattern in modern Western, industrialized societies, including the United States. Some societies combine principles, as among the Himba, where every person belongs simultaneously to a patriclan and a matriclan, with inheritance following the matriclan. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Descent RuleSourced to the subject's own accountKinship and typically property or inheritance are traced through both the mother's and father's lines equally, without a corporate descent-group structure built around either line alone; a person is recognized as kin to relatives on both sides simultaneously. 1 Typical RegionSourced to the subject's own accountThe standard system in modern Western/industrialized societies (for example, the United States); also traditionally documented in West Africa, India, Australia, Indonesia, Melanesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Polynesia. 1 Connections
Held Differently
Both trace kinship through both parents, but bilateral descent forms no descent group while ambilineal descent lets an individual affiliate with one parent's descent group.
Associated With
Kindred is traced through both parents, a bilateral pattern, even though the nuclear family alone is named with distinct terms.
Source Wikipedia: Inuit Kinship
Javanese, Social Groups Javanese kinship is traditionally bilateral, tracing descent and reckoning kin through both the mother's and father's lines equally, without unilineal clans.
Rule Category Of
Shaped By
Lévi-Strauss's structural approach to kinship systems treats bilateral descent as one of the possible permutations of underlying kinship relations alongside unilineal forms.
Source Wikipedia: Structuralism
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Bilateral Descent
Wikipedia- opening definition and Examples section
- opening definition: "relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth"
- Definitions and Examples sections
- opening definition
View the Source Wikipedia: Structuralism
WikipediaShaped By: Structuralism, Lévi-Strauss section on kinship analysisView the Source Wikipedia: Inuit Kinship
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